Background and Aim: The purpose of the research is to investigate the factors affecting the model of health, safety and environmental (HSE) risk literacy. Organizations can’t work without without healthy and safe employees. Health literacy deals with the issue of whether a person meets the complex requirements of promoting and maintaining health in modern society. Methods: The researcher has analyzed the results and findings of previous researchers by applying a systematic and meta- combination approach and by performing the 7 steps of the Sandelowski and Barroso method; he has identified the effective factors. Among 556 articles, 55 articles were selected based on the CASP method, and the validity of the analysis was confirmed with the Kappa coefficient value of 0.711. In this context, in order to measure reliability and quality control, the transcription method was used, and its value was identified for the indicators identified at the level of excellent agreement. The results of data analysis collected in MAXQDA software led to the identification of 84 primary codes in 16 categories in 5 dimensions. Results: Finally, five dimensions of planning, concepts of literacy development, implementation of education, evaluation and revision were identified as influencing dimensions of health, safety and environmental risk literacy. Conclusion: Organizations can focus on these factors in order to improve the literacy of HSE risks as one of the preventive and improving decision- making factors among their employees. What can be inferred from the categories and dimensions is the impossibility of balanced and proportional promotion of HSE risk literacy in an organization by one person and one department and even the organization itself alone. Improving the literacy of HSE risks requires the attention and assistance of extra-organizational, organizational and individual factors. Please cite this article as: Yari A, Shobeiri SM, Rezaei M, Hamidieh A. Factors Affecting Health, Safety and Environmental Risk Literacy Promotion Model. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2023;11(1):40-57. Doi: 10.22037/iipm.v11i1.41735

Objective(s): Health insurance literacy (HIL) is the knowledge, ability, and confidence of people to find and evaluate information about insurance plans, choose the best plan and how to use it. This study was conducted to examine the level of HIL among the insured person of the Iran Health Insurance Organization in Tehran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 with the participation of 309 insured person. The data were collected using a 27-item questionnaire that included three dimensions of access, insurance terms, and performance skills. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. Data analysis was performed in SPSS.24 using T-test and One-way ANOVA. Results: The mean score for access was 8.5±1.91, insurance terms 10.21±2.46 and performance skill was 22.94±3.23. The overall mean HIL score was 41.64±6.22. The HIL status of 60% of the insured person was intermediate and 40% was low. The mean score of HIL was higher among people living in the northern region, those covered by the special diseases fund, those with a monthly less income, and those without supplementary insurance. The HIL level was also higher among people whose source of insurance information was friends and acquaintances (P<0.05). Conclusion: The majority of people had relatively low levels of HIL. Knowing the level of HIL and the factors that influence it can guide policy makers in developing educational interventions to remove barriers and improve HIL. Educational interventions through public media such as television, short videos on the websites and applications of insurance organizations and social media, and the provision of insurance information on waiting room monitors in medical centers are suggested to improve HIL.

Introduction: Oral health literacy (OHL) is considered a new determinant of health. This study aimed to investigate OHL and its relationship with clinical indicators of oral health, as well as oral health behaviors, among patients attending the Dental School of the Islamic Azad University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. Materials and Methods: The authors conducted a cross-sectional study on volunteering patients attending dental school for the first time in 2015, who were selected through convenience sampling. Self-administered questionnaires requested information about patients’,OHL using Oral Health Literacy-Adult Questionnaire, as well as patients’,oral health behaviors. Clinical examinations were conducted to measure Decayed, Missing due to caries, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) and Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman correlation coefficient, independent t-test, as well as linear and logistic regression models, served for statistical analysis (P-value<0. 05). Results: Among 202 participants, 64. 5% were women. The mean age of participants was 33. 4±, 10. 6 years, and the mean score of OHL was 52. 3±, 19. 8. Individuals with a higher score of OHL reported better oral health behaviors (P-value<0. 05). The OHL was negatively associated with DMFT (r=-0. 140, P-value=0. 047), Decayed Teeth (r=-0. 179, P-value=0. 01) and Missing Teeth (r=-0. 208, P-value=0. 003). On the other hand, individuals with higher OHL scores had more filled teeth (r=0. 148, P-value=0. 04). No association was revealed between OHL and maximum CPI (P-value>0. 05). Conclusion: Oral health literacy of patients attending dental school was moderate. Those patients with a higher OHL reported better oral health behaviors and had a lower history of dental caries. Therefore, it is essential to increase the OHL of individuals to improve their oral health status.

Background and aims: The difficult tasks of firefighters' operational personnel, can determine the risk of hypertension and other acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between health literacy and self-care of hypertension among firefighters in Tehran. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, which conducted in among 360 male firefighters, age of 18-60 years, working in the Tehran Fire Department in year 2019 was performed by two-stage sampling method in cluster and simple random. Data collection instruments were a demographic questionnaire together with the Standard Iranian Health Literacy in Adult questionnaire and the self-care checklist for hypertension. Data were analyzed in SPSS (version 22) using descriptive methods and, analytical tests. Results: 57.5% of people were in the age group of 30-40. The mean score of health literacy was 73.96 with a standard deviation of 3.8. The highest mean score of health literacy was related to information perception and the lowest average score was related to reading skills. Among study sample, 44.2% had “good” and 26.7% had” very good” health literacy. Also, the mean score of self-care behaviors was 19.23 with a standard deviation of 3.4. About 14.4% of employees had a mean score of good self-care. There was a direct and significant correlation between health literacy and self-care of 0/360 (p <0.0001 Conclusion: Health literacy and self-care behaviors were found to be not satisfactory. There was a significant positive correlation between health literacy and self-care. Therefore, it is necessary to design an appropriate intervention.

Letter to Editor; Health (hygienic) literacy is a cognitive skill and an important and effective issue in the healthcare system that was first proposed in 1974 in an educational panel about health education. Since then, this concept has been discussed by the researchers in various fields of literacy and health, and many definitions have been presented for it. Usually, health literacy is defined as a wide range of knowledge and skills in accessing, appraising, understanding and applying health information (1). …

Background and Objectives: For women, health literacy level is an important factor directly affecting their health protection and development behaviors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of health literacy interventions on breast cancer knowledge and health literacy breast cancer screening beliefs and behaviors. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted with women working in two different municipalities in Istanbul/Turkey. The study was completed with a total of 86 participants, 43 in the training group and 43 in the control group. The participants in the training group were given a comprehensive training program by the researchers in groups of 10-12 people in 3-hour sessions per day for 3 consecutive days. Results: In the first and second measurements after the intervention, it was observed that the training group’s Health Literacy Scale Total Score means increased compared to those of control group (training and control group post-test-1 scores, respectively,98. 395 ± 21. 388 vs. 86. 372 ± 24. 752, p=0. 018, increased by 13. 95%,training and control group post-test-2 scores, respectively,112. 904 ± 10. 178 vs. 87. 581 ± 26. 531, p<0. 001, increased by 28. 73%. Also, in the first and second measurements after the intervention, it was observed that the control group’s Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Scale Total Score means increased compared to those of the control group (training and control group post-test-1 scores, respectively,77. 862 ± 14. 767 vs. 58. 604 ± 16. 001, p<0. 001, increased by 32. 75%,training and control group post-test-2 scores, respectively,81. 574 ± 12. 478 vs. 58. 917 ± 15. 860, p<0. 001, increased by 39. 65%. Conclusion: The comprehensive training program given to women, including what breast cancer is, its risk factors, etiology, early screening methods, treatment and breast self-examination, has positively changed their breast cancer screening beliefs, health literacy levels, and beliefs and practices regarding early diagnosis.

Background: Promoting Health Literacy (HL) is considered as an important goal in strategic plans of many countries. In spite of the necessity for access to valid, reliable and native HL instruments, the number of such instruments in the Persian language is scarce. Moreover, there is no good estimation of HL status in Iran.Objectives: The aim of this study was to provide a valid, reliable and native instrument to measure and monitor community HL in Iran and also, to provide an estimation of HL status in two Iranian provinces.Patients and Methods: By applying the multistage cluster sampling, 1080 respondents (540 from each gender) were recruited from Kerman and Mazandaran provinces of Iran, from February to June 2014 to participate in this cross-sectional study. The development of the Iranian Health Literacy Questionnaire (IHLQ) was initiated with a comprehensive review of the literature. Then, face, content and construct validity as well as reliability were determined.Results: Internal consistency and test-retest reliability (ICC) of the factors was in the range of 0.71 to 0.96 and 0.73 to 0.86, respectively. In order to construct validity, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) =0.95 and Bartlett’s test result of 3.017 with P<0.001) with varimax rotation was used. Optimal reduced solution, including 36 items and seven factors, was found in EFA. Five of the factors identified were reading/comprehension skills, individual empowerment, communication/decision-making skills, social empowerment and health knowledge.Conclusions: It was concluded that IHLQ might be a practical and useful tool for investigating HL for Persian language speakers around the world. Since HL is dynamic and its instruments should be regularly revised, further studies are recommended to assess HL with application of IHLQ to detect its potential imperfections.